Concrete floor.



J. s. HAGA N'. CONCRETE FLOOR. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 16, 1908,

Patentd Feb. 28, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. s. HAGAN. CONCRETE FLOOR. APPLICATION FILED JULY 16,1908.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. S. HA-GAN. CONCRETE FLOOR. APPLIOATIONIILED JULY 16,1908.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

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CONCRETE FLOOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 16, 19%3. Serial No.'443.924.

To all. whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrn S. HAGAN', a citizen of the United States of America, re-

siding at Esmeralda 552, Buenos Ayres, Ar-

gontina, have invented new and useful Improvements in Concrete Floors, of which the following is a specification. v I

Concrete floor construction as at present designed is either monolithic by the use of expensive wooden forms with columns, etc.,

to support them until the concretehas attained sufiicient strength to support its own dead and certain super mposed weights, and solid or hollow remforced strips or slabs made at some point distant from the build ing for which they are designed.

To obviate the expensive forms necessary in monolithic construction and, at the same time, secure a homogeneous mass, is the obiect of the present invention.

Heretofore, in unit fioor construction, it has been-practically impossible to make a true bond between one unit and another, and no meanshas been afiorded to allow of those niceties of steel allotment to the concrete for taking up tensile and shearing strains which monolithic work so admirably affords. It isobvious that it forms can be done away with while at the same time attaining a theoretically monolithic mass in which steel may be inserted at will, that much has been'done toward cheapening this most excellent building material, and when. further, that method is a unit system that maybe made away from the building in erection, and which floor may have any per: centage of steel distributed at will throughout it, and any percentage of hollow space (within certain limits that each individual floor load may necessitate), then that invention should be a notable advancement in cheapening and perfecting a now well established industry. Many and varying conditions affect the strength of floorsof'this material. The quality of the cement; the coarseness and, especially, the density of the sand; the quality and hardness of the rock.

etc. In monolithic work these can he carefully gaged. Stone can be graded the coarsest to the finest and the sand so accurately apportioned to fill the voids that very dense concrete results with greater per feetion in the work and a higher modulus of rupture. In unit systems as at present used, these accurate adjustments of steel to tensile and shearing stresses (as well as the proper apportionment of concrete withthe maximum of economy and of strength) can not be attained; The invention herewith described, will, I believe, go far to overcome these difiiculties.

One other grave defect in present unit systems is that no true bond can be made between the individual pieces that constitute the floor, from the reason that a sufiicicnt volume 'of cementing material is not provided for between them. It will he noted that 1n the present system the heavier volume is cemented to the lighter, the advantage of which is apparent. Again. in most unit systems, as at present designed, mortar only is used; that is to say the mixtures of which the floors are made invariably of ce ment and sand in the proportions of 1:3, 1:4,1z5, etc.

It is a fact established that the greater volume of stone that can be enveloped. in cement motors of 1 2 1 :3 or even 1 :4 (maximum density of mass always being kept in mind), the stronger and more homogeneous the resulting'slab or stone is. To illustrate, a motor slab of 1, cement to3 of sand will not have as high a modulus of elasticity nor 'of rupture as a mixture of 1 cement sand and 4; well graded trap rock or granite.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

Apart from the great saving of cement, a

mechanical bond exists in true concrete, the irregularities of the broken stone interlocking with the high frictional surfaces of the 'sandbeween them in a manner that is entirely impossible with cement and sand alone? Monolithic concrete affords all these advantages but its cost for small jobs is almost prohibitive. To combine unit adaptability with monolithic advantages has been given much attention and will be found liberally embodied in the present invention.

The invention maybe described as being a keystone shaped concrete beam which may be either hollow or solid at the will of the manufacturer. It may be in varying lengths and is destined to span areasfrom Tn the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a floor embodying wall to wall or joist to joist in floor and the end being shown in secitidn Fig; f2 is 'a perspectiye' .view of '{a vtivefyiew foif the 11001 inserting slabs ofigla's's 2 the. manner pf securing Belts into .-the ,fledr';

' 'tion" n theline of: Fig. 2} Fig;- 7 -8 and; 9,1 are T perspectivelirieWs 'df modified;

- r115 {fern-1s (if theflopr embodying intentien; Re'ferrjngitoi fibf drawing;

I v sse ve thepfirp se fl-ie n {up s eet ng strains andisome of the 'tensle'st-ramsg, L'O' rented at intem'a-ls itlongjthemin reinforcingtbar and the ,si des, of the hollew end else. that -thehollow heam s' when placed; side by'sideeonstitute perfect form's-for the filling-in 10f trnecbnerete of whatever. com- 5:0 :positi dn theenigineel mzyse1eet Theshape forced gainst;- celleps by; the steel istir mps-D.- 1 l Tn Fig.2 the beams" ferein g bar's 13'- 5 420;

. ,"i' showing means. 'for f PP f m;'F g :-.41 safv ewi a 5; Partly in section illustratingthef neans-of I intd ,thel lfldql r 'isti'uic l res g: 5' a t n ;vi w illlistrating a; slab" v o fwire. glass between v two of the 1 beams; 41- 'li'ght-tdisti'ibutin g' .1)

. 0 l r i s 3, Vertical loin sec":

"position, in the flp-or. 3 reinforced I Wit l 1 in-'ce t ain temperatures) tdjprgvent designates the ibns ic .shape df,thefbea 1 which may be" o f beayns ma be used forix' entilatienfi except'fbfa ceveringbf expanded v '1 n etal'1ne sh S of any deseription which may he jnolded-ln'to the beam as -sh0wn.=-

11" may :be ,lebated Within. the hellow tiqhs df-ithe bealna passingunderneathitare steel At-he ho't "iior gases. ari s ingnfrom the-60m StillirupSlD whicher e-designedboth"for-re.

t-h'e tensionnielnbers upon I-b'eamsnnd. al s0 the-Innnn'er o fisuspendxng'the tension ha-rs. 1n the stlrrnps as; well asthe arrangerup's .with reference :r'jh j which nssui'esi I concrete to contain the remfoncmg bars. B.

ect geoigeixingij throughoiit jt-he I The beering' sulfate-of-the I wea'kest" member, th'e .ho11ow ---beam,; is redueed-r tO'--"a.1 miniin'1un land. the; sides rein 1 its general keystone shape 1s 'd1v1ded' in the .4 middlever'tically and-the t,w o nesulting nnits at hownxasprovided 'fl-nft etch-=0f theirjl ower edges with laterally '60'. extending: flanges;-

thereby previding larger recess 01 the" insertion of Qthe' reinnalr'butl with adouble ribbedj centei'. It, will; be noted" that -these imitstnre p1:iced

between them -wh v wliollyjfilled' with ,Qoncri'ete'a'nd' steel. Nail- P ingstfibs-J, K, may besecuredinto thecom Crete-filling as, shown-,the floor boards 14 be 130 Figgc illustretesthexn 'nner" of inserting" rism F "being arranged andfarelotatedi:itithe' inqst advantageous case of fire the glassE maybe depended upon the spreadof .fijam'esto the fle'or above. G P

and Hi aftordfb'eveledjointstheta-may be l calke'd and cemented t0 mgxke themiwnterti ght', r The intervening space: between the glasSes-Ejan-dF will suites a; non-cendnctbn Fig. illustrates :a'jxneans bolts .istersj L r v -f. 'j .Eig. 6 illl istrates -th'lmannetin which these In this" fojl'n l' of construction a central longitudi-j l'qwer? pertionibf -the beam. being, left openmeta-1101' I Bi'peslnent of the tension and shear bar-send stir v t0 each other. j As shown in Fig; 7.11m of the-beams are provided with a central longitudinal bar'o r & snflicient' quantity of As 's'hewn toneof these bars A e'rete base ET; while another A? providedWith an ex'pzinded metal bqttmn- SQ Ont-he upper surface nailing ,stri'ps K- bf has a. 0011-.

weed are inserted, to whieh; strips the fiber can'be direetly'naiIe'd. s In Fig. 8--the-beam',' 'wl1ile still retaining,

honizentally side by side; leaving channels l ch jm;1y bef partially on" is shown as ing nailed directly to these strips. Templets 'L may be inserted in the upper surface. of

piping U supported on bars V, as shown.

In Fig. 9 is illustrated a solid beam with its lower edgeextended in flanges to afford a larger percentage of hollow space, together with a greater mass of concrete in which to embed the reinforcing bars. plets L may also be used in this form and covered with concrete.

I claim:

1. A hollow concrete beam, keystoneshaped in cross-section, and having a central fiat-sided longitudinally extending web, and tension reinforcing members embedded in the concrete of the web.

' tion, with tension members embedded in the concrete of the adjacent sides.

4. A floor composed of two sets of elements, viz: (1) parallel reinforced concrete beams of keystone shape in cross section, comparatively narrow at the top and having their lower edges adjacent to each other so that V-shaped grooves are formed between the beams; and (2) complementary masses of concrete filling the grooves between and bonded to the beams, such masses themselves forming substantial weight-supporting elements and having reinforcing bars em-' bedded in their lower portions.

5. A floor composed of two sets of ele- Temr ments, viz: (1) parallel reinforced hollow concrete beams of keystone shape incross section, comparatively narrow at the top and having their lower edges adjacent to each other so that V-s'haped grooves-are formed between the beams; and (2) complementary masses of concrete filling ,the grooves between and bonded tov the beams, such masses themselves forming substantial weight-supporting elements and having reinforcing bars embedded in their lower portions.

6. A floor composed of two sets of elements, viz: (1) parallel reinforced hollow concrete beams ofkeystone shape incross section, comparatively narrow at the top and having their lower edges adjacent to each other so that V-shaped grooves are formed between the beamsj'and (2) complementary masses of concrete filling the grooves between and bonded to the beams, suchmasse's themselves forming substantial weight supporting elements and having reinforcing bars and additional reinforcing tension bars embedded in theirlower portions. v 7. A floor composed of two setsof elements, viz: (1) parallel reinforced hollow concrete beams of-keystone shape in cross section, comparatively narrow at the top and having their lower edges adjacent to each other so that V-shaped grooves are formed between the. beams; and complementary massesof concrete filling the grooves between and bonded to the beams, suclrmasses themselves forming substantial weight-snpporting elements and having reinforcing bars embedded in their lower portions, and stirrup-shaped bars for resisting shearing andLbursting strains arranged at intervals, 

